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Cleo Hartwig

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Cleo Hartwig
Cleo Hartwig carving a wooden sculpture
Born(1907-10-20)October 20, 1907 (Birth date is often incorrectly listed as 1911)[1]
Webberville, Michigan, U.S.
DiedJune 18, 1988(1988-06-18) (aged 80)
New York City, New York City, U.S.
Alma materWestern Michigan University
Known forSculpture
SpouseVincent Glinsky
ChildrenAlbert Glinsky

Cleo Hartwig (20 October 1907 – 18 June 1988)[2][3] was an American sculptor who worked in stone, wood, terra cotta, plaster, paper, woodcut, and ceramic.[4] She won a number of awards, including national awards, and her work is exhibited across the northeast U.S. She is regarded as a member of The New York School.

Early life and education

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Fern — 1981, serpentine marble sculpture
Fern — 1981, serpentine marble sculpture

Cleo Hartwig was born in Webberville, Michigan, on October 20, 1907.[5][6][7] Her rural upbringing had a lasting influence on the development of her art. She was passionately interested in every detail of plant and animal life—from form to function—and observed nature with a mix of scientific attention and artistic observation.

Hartwig attended Portland High School between 1921 and 1925, and entered Western State Teachers College (now Western Michigan University) in 1926. She interrupted her studies to teach art at Holland Junior High School (1926 to 1929), and take summer art classes at Chicago Art Institute (1930, 1931). She returned to WSTC to graduate with an A.B. in 1932.[5]

Career

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After graduation, she settled in New York City, finding employment as a teacher at The Town School (1934 to 1936). During the summer of 1935 she studied art in Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and Germany. Hartwig then taught at the Ecole Francaise (1936 to 1939) in New York, and exhibited for the first time in New York at The National Academy of Design (113th Annual, 1938). In 1939 she made a summer trip to France to study art, but returned home hastily because of the growing hostilities. Hartwig took up residence at Patchin Place, the historic Greenwich Village cul-de-sac, home to many famous artists of the early 20th century. (She remained at that address until her death). She joined the faculty of the Lenox School (1939-42), and exhibited her work in group shows at the Clay Club, National Academy of Design, Syracuse University, and Mt. Holyoke College. She was also part of the 1942 “Artists for Victory” exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

After summer art study in Mexico (1941), Hartwig began to incorporate gestures from that country’s culture into her work. "Her carvings from the 1930s and early 1940s,” noted Ilene Fort, of the LA County Museum of Art, “are characterized by compact, massive forms, crisp outlines, and minimal details. In their blockiness, extreme simplification of shape, and coarse surfaces they especially echo Mesoamerican sculpture."[8]

During World War II Hartwig did drafting at Bell Telephone Laboratories (1942 to 1943), and technical illustrating at the Jordanoff Aviation Corp in NY (1943–45). During this time, she held her first solo New York exhibition (Clay Club, 1943), and became active in many arts organizations. She was an early member of the National Association of Women Artists (eventually becoming Vice President),[9] and the New York Society of Women Artists (Recording Secretary). At that time she also began her long association with the Sculptors Guild (Exec. Dir., Exec. Bd., Exec. VP), Audubon Artists (VP for Sculpture, Exhibition Committee), and New York Society of Ceramic Artists (Sculpture Jury).

The National Association of Women Artists (NAWA) awarded Hartwig the Anna Hyatt Huntington Prize for her Mandolin Player in 1945. That same year she exhibited with the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, National Academy of Design, National Association of Women Artists, Audubon Artists, and New York Society of Ceramic Artists. She also became a sculpture instructor at Cooper Union in New York and the Montclair Art Museum in New Jersey. In addition, she completed an important work for the architect Kenneth B. Norton: a "Family Group" for the Continental Companies Building on Williams St. in downtown Manhattan. For that commission Hartwig created an 8-foot-high bas-relief of a mother, father, and child, which was cast in aluminum and installed on the front of the building.

In 1951, Hartwig married fellow sculptor, Vincent Glinsky (1895–1975). Their son, Albert Glinsky, was born the following year. Throughout the 1950s she continued to teach, complete commissions (S.S. United States), and win prizes (including several from NAWA; Artists Equity; Audubon Artists; Munson Proctor Institute). In addition, Western Michigan University awarded her an Honorary master's degree (1951).

During the 1960s, Hartwig participated in the annual shows of the Sculptors Guild, exhibited her alabaster “Sea Foam” at the 1964 New York World’s Fair, and took part in the Bryant Park outdoor exhibits in midtown Manhattan. She worked with reproduction houses (Alva Museum Replicas, Sculpture Collectors, Collectors Guild) and executed a commission for the All-Faiths Memorial Tower in NJ (now George Washington Memorial Park). Her sculptural methods were examined in a feature article in American Artist magazine.[10]

In the 1970s, Hartwig continued to collect honors: she was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Academician (1971)[11] and received an Honorary Doctorate from Western Michigan University (1973). That same decade her work won awards from the National Sculpture Society, Sculptors Guild, National Association of Women Artists, Audubon Artists, and National Academy of Design. She had a solo show at the Montclair Art Museum (1971) and two joint shows with her husband, Vincent Glinsky (Sculpture Center, NY, 1972; Fairfield University, CT, 1974).

During the last decade of her life (1980s), Hartwig exhibited in more shows than in any previous decade—58 in all. Her "Owlet," shown at the New York Botanical Garden's Conservatory, was also featured in The New York Times.[12] She was invited to serve on juries around the country, including the 4th North American Sculpture Exhibition, for which she was co-juror with Francisco Zúñiga. She received more awards, gave masterclasses, and continued to sculpt until just months before her death. Hartwig died on June 18, 1988, in New York City.[2] After her passing, the Sculptors Guild dedicated its 1990 Hofstra University Exhibit Catalog to her memory, and the Audubon Society instituted an annual sculpture prize (still given today), in her honor.

Legacy

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Hartwig belongs to a line of 'direct carvers' (taille direct) which includes both Jose de Creeft, with whom she studied, and Vincent Glinsky, her husband. With this technique the artist carves directly into the materials, without the use of intermediary steps. The conception and execution of the work is influenced by the density, veining, color, texture, and shape of the material.

Hartwig belongs to the generation of the 1930s and 1940s who advanced opportunities for women artists. She was an early member of the National Association of Women Artists (eventually serving as Vice President), and the New York Society of Women Artists (eventually serving as Recording Secretary). She is regarded as a member of The New York School,[13] and her work was featured in the TV documentary, Women of the First Wave; Elders of the Century. Hartwig’s papers are held at the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Art.[14] Her works are in such collections as the Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina,[15] and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.[16]

References

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  1. ^ Birth Certificate, State of Michigan, State File Number 121-033-0000360
  2. ^ a b Hays, Constance L. (1988-06-19). "Cleo Hartwig, 80, Dies of Cancer; Her Sculptures Featured Animals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-04-26. Cleo Hartwig, Noted for Sculpture
  3. ^ Who was who in American Art 1564-1975: 400 Years of Artists in America. Sound View Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-932087-55-3.
  4. ^ Mallett, Daniel Trowbridge (1948). Supplement to Mallett's Index of Artists, International-biographical: Including Painters, Sculptors, Illustrators, Engravers and Etchers of the Past and the Present Not in the 1935 Edition. P. Smith.
  5. ^ a b Watson-Jones, Virginia (1986). Contemporary American Women Sculptors. Oryx Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-89774-139-2.
  6. ^ Sculpture 1962 [exhibition] Lever House Park Avenue ... New York ... October 22nd Through November 19th, 1962. Sculptors Guild (New York, N.Y.). Sculptors Guild. 1962.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Brummé, C. Ludwig (1948). Contemporary American Sculpture. Crown Publishers. p. 61.
  8. ^ Fort, Ilene Susan; Lenihan, Mary L. (1995). The Figure in American Sculpture: A Question of Modernity. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-295-97437-8.
  9. ^ "History". National Association of Women Artists. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  10. ^ Bell, Enid. The Compatibles: Sculptors Hartwig & Glinsky. American Artist, Summer 1968.
  11. ^ "National Academicians". National Academy Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  12. ^ "Sculpture to Grace a Garden Is Shown". The New York Times. 1981-05-07. pp. C3. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  13. ^ Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer, American Women Artists, Avon, NY, 1982
  14. ^ "Summary of the Cleo Hartwig papers, 1939-1977 - Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution". Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Archives of American Art. Retrieved 24 April 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  15. ^ Salmon, Robin R., Brookgreen Gardens Sculpture, and vol. II, pp. 97-101, pub. Brookgreen Gardens
  16. ^ "Fern by Cleo Hartwig". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved 24 April 2015.

Sources

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  1. de Lys, Claudia & Rhudy, Frances. Centuries of Cats, Silvermine Publishers, Norwalk, 1971
  2. Havlice, Patricia Pate, ed. Index to Artistic Biography, First Supplement, Scarecrow Press, NJ, 1973, 1981
  3. Meilach, Dona Z. Contemporary Stone Sculpture, Crown Publishers, N.Y., N.Y., 1970
  4. Padovano, Anthony. The Process of Sculpture, Doubleday and Company, Inc., N.Y., 1981
  5. Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer. American Women Artists, Avon, NY, 1982
  6. Schnier, Jacques (1948). Sculpture in Modern America. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  7. Smith, Janet K. Interior Design and Decoration, Reinhold Pub. Corp. N.Y., N.Y., 1950
  8. Today's Art, Triangle Co., Tulsa, OK, Jan. 1976
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